Isigqibo sikaMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump sokungabandakanyi iimveliso ezithile zetekhnoloji ezenziwe eTshayina kwipakethe entsha yerhafu ibonelele ngenguqu ebingalindelekanga kwimfazwe yorhwebo esele inzima phakathi kweWashington neBeijing.. Kwintshukumo eyothusayo bobabini abahlalutyi kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, i-145% yeerhafu ebeza kusetyenziswa kuyo yonke ibhodi yokungeniswa ngaphandle kweTshayina ayizukuchaphazela izixhobo ezinje ngeeselfowuni, iilaptops, iisemiconductors, kunye nezinye izinto zobuchule be-elektroniki.
Iindaba, ezize kwingxelo evela kwi-US Customs kunye noKhuseleko lweBorder, zimele imvume ebalulekileyo kwiinkampani zeteknoloji zehlabathi. ezifana ne-Apple, i-Nvidia, i-Dell okanye i-Samsung, ezininzi zazo ezihlanganisayo kwaye zenze uninzi lweemveliso zazo e-China okanye kumazwe anokuchatshazelwa ngamaxabiso ukuba bekungeko kolu kukhululwa. Umlinganiselo ungafuna ukuqulatha impembelelo kubathengi ngokunqanda ukunyuka kwamaxabiso entengiso yokugqibela.
Zeziphi iimveliso ezichatshazelwa kukungabandakanywa?
Izixhobo ezingabandakanywanga kwirhafu ziquka ii-iPhones, ii-iPads, iiMacs, iiprosesa zekhompyutha, ii-hard drives, iiphaneli zelanga, iimemori khadi, kunye ne-slid-state drives.. Oomatshini abasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-semiconductor nabo bakhululiwe, i-nod ecacileyo kwiinkampani ezifana ne-Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing, i-ASML, kunye ne-Tokyo Electron, ezingundoqo kwikhonkco lokuvelisa i-chip.
Umlinganiselo, oza kuphinda uqalise ukuya kuthi ga nge-5 ka-Epreli, wongezwa kwisivumelwano seentsuku ezingama-90 esibhengezwe nguTrump malunga nokubekwa kweerhafu kuwo onke amazwe ngaphandle kweTshayina.. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimveliso ze-elektroniki ezingena okanye eziphuma e-US ukususela ngaloo mhla ziya kukhululwa kwi-base tariff ye-10% kunye ne-145% yoluhlu lweerhafu ezijoliswe e-China. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, isigebenga saseAsia siphendule ngexabiso le-125% kwiimpahla zaseMelika.
Impembelelo kwi-Apple nakwishishini letekhnoloji
I-Apple, imveliso yayo ixhomekeke ngaphezu kwe-90% yeefektri ezise-China, yayiphakathi kweyona nto ibonakaliswe kwimiphumo ethe ngqo yoluhlu lwamaxabiso.. Ukunyuka kwerhafu okufanayo bekunokuthi kunyuse ixabiso le-iPhone ukuya kwi-3.500 ye-euro kwiimodeli ezithile eziphezulu, ngokwezibalo zengcali. Ukungaqiniseki kwakhokelela abathengi abaninzi baseMelika ukuba balindele ukunyuka kwexabiso elinokwenzeka kunye neevenkile ezingenanto kwiintsuku ezikhokelela kwisibhengezo esisemthethweni sokukhululwa.
Umlinganiselo oqinisekileyo okanye isiqabu sexeshana?
Ngelixa ukukhululwa kubonisa uloyiso kwicandelo le-tech, iingcali zilumkisa ukuba luncedo lwexeshana kuphela.. Ukukhululwa kubangelwa kumyalelo wokuqala othintele ukuphinda-phindwa kweerhafu kwiimveliso esele zinamaxabiso aqhelekileyo asetyenziswayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imirhumo emitsha, ekujoliswe kuyo inokuphunyezwa kwixesha elizayo elingekude, ngakumbi kwiimpahla ezinamalungu anovakalelo afana ne-semiconductors okanye ubuchwepheshe obunxulumene nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwindlela izicwangciso zamaxabiso ezinokuchaphazeleka ngayo kwixesha elizayo.
I-White House ikhuphe ulwazi lokuba urhulumente usebenza kuphando olutsha malunga nokuxhomekeka kwamanye amazwe kwii-chips kunye nezinye iimveliso zobuchule., enokukhokelela kwiintlawulo ezikhethiweyo kamva. Ngokukodwa, uTrump uthembise ukumisela iirhafu ezongezelelweyo kwii-semiconductors, nangona ezi zingekaphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo.
Impendulo yaseTshayina kunye nesigaba esitsha songquzulwano
Ngeli xesha, iChina ayizange ihlale phantsi. Ilizwe laseAsia liye laqinisa ukuma kwalo ngokumisela irhafu ye-125% kwiimveliso zase-US. kwaye uye waphakamisa ukugxeka kwakhe indlela kaTrump esecaleni. Urhulumente waseBeijing uchaze amanyathelo okurhweba kamongameli wase-US njengendlela yokunyanzeliswa okungenasizathu ephikisana nenkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Ukongeza kwiirhafu, i-China ithathe amanyathelo ongezelelweyo afana nokunqumamisa ukuthengwa kwempahla ebalulekileyo, ukukhawulela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amaminerali acwangcisiweyo, kunye nokubeka iinkampani zase-US kuluhlu lwabamnyama zorhwebo.. Konke oku kwenza nzima ngakumbi ubudlelwane bezoqoqosho phakathi kwala magunya mabini kwaye kwandisa ukungaqiniseki kumashishini ezizwe ngezizwe asebenza kuzo zombini iimarike. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukuqaliswa kunye nokuveliswa kweemodeli ezintsha ze-iPhone kwixesha elizayo.
Uxinzelelo lukwanombono wezopolitiko kunye nomfuziselo.. Umongameli wase-China u-Xi Jinping ukugxininise esidlangalaleni ukugatya kwakhe izenzo zokuxhatshazwa kwaye wacela iYurophu ukuba isebenzisane ukukhusela umanyano lwehlabathi olubandakanyayo lwezoqoqosho kumanyathelo okukhusela.