Iqonga lemiyalezo yeTelegram libe yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zokubonisana ngamanqaku, iincwadi, kunye neendaba zesayensi, kodwa likwayindawo apho [imiba engachazwanga] isanda khona. ukuxelisa abapapashi bezemfundo abaphezuluUphononongo olwenziwe eSpain lucacise kakhulu ngengxaki abantu abaninzi ababeyikrokrela, kodwa eyayingekacaciswa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokwale phando, oluqhutywa yi IYunivesithi yaseGranada (UGR)Phantse iziteshi zeTelegram ezisibhozo kwezilishumi ezisebenza phantsi kwamagama abapapashi bezenzululwazi abaphambili bamazwe ngamazwe azisemthethweni. Ngokukodwa, kufunyenwe ukuba malunga Ama-78% eziteshi ezibangelwa ngaba bapapashi azingobuxoki, ipesenti exhalabisayo ngakumbi kwimeko yaseYurophu ephawulwa kukulwa nolwazi olungeyonyani ngesayensi.
Ukwanda kwezinto ezingeyonyani kunye nomxholo ongathandabuzekiyo ofihliweyo njengoko umxholo wezemfundo uqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye lo msebenzi unika ingcaciso enokwenzeka: I-Telegram ibamba i- Inethiwekhi ebanzi nehlelekileyo yeendlela ezizenza abapapashi besayensi ukusasaza izinto ezingagunyaziswanga, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokupapasha ezithi zipapashwe, kunye nokuxhaphaza udumo lwamaziko adumileyo. ISpain, njengenxalenye yenkqubo yesayensi yaseYurophu, ayikhuselekanga kwimiphumo yale meko.
Ababhali bolu phononongo bathi le meko kwiTelegram ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga, kodwa luphawu lwento ukungabikho kobukho obusemthethweni nobuqinisekisiweyo ngabashicileli ngokwaboLo msantsa uvumela abenzi bobubi ukuba bazibeke phambili kunxibelelwano lwesayensi eqongeni, nto leyo echaphazela inani labasebenzisi abafikelela kwiincwadi namanqaku.
Imephu yobuqhetseba kwiitshaneli zabapapashi bezenzululwazi
Lo msebenzi wenziwe yi- Iyunithi yoBuntu beKhompyutha kunye neSayensi yeNtlalo (U-CHASS) evela kwiYunivesithi yaseGranada. Abaphandi UVictor Herrero Solana kunye noCarlos Castro Castro Bazimisele ukuhlalutya inkqubo yeendlela zeTelegram eziziveza njengezinxulumene nabapapashi abakhulu bezemfundo kunye nokulinganisa ukuba loo nxibelelwano luyinyani kangakanani.
Ukuze benze oku, bakhethe Abapapashi bezenzululwazi bamazwe ngamazwe abali-13 abaphambiliPhakathi kwabo kukho abapapashi abadumileyo abanjengo-Elsevier, uSpringer, uWiley-Blackwell, iNature, kunye neCambridge University Press. Ukhetho lwenziwe kujongwa abo ubunzima kwi-portal ye-SCImago, enye yezona salathisi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvavanyeni iziphumo zesayensi zehlabathi.
Emva kokuba uluhlu lwabapapashi lugqityiwe, abaphandi babafumana kwiTelegram. Iitshaneli ezingama-37 ezinokunxulunyaniswa nezi bhrendinokuba kukusetyenziswa kwegama, uphawu, okanye iireferensi ezithe ngqo kwiingqokelela zabo kunye neempapasho zabo. Injongo yayizimbini: kwelinye icala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi ndlela zazinobudlelwane obusemthethweni na nabapapashi; kwelinye icala, ukuchonga iindlela zokuziphatha phakathi kwezo zabonakala zikhohlisa.
Iziphumo bezicacile. Kwimijelo engama-37 ehlalutyiweyo, kuphela Ezisibhozo ziqinisekiswe njengeziyinyaniso kwaye zidibene ngokuthe ngqo nezindlu zokushicilelaOko kukuthi, yi-21,62% kuphela yeendlela eziye zabonakala zisemthethweni, xa kuthelekiswa ne- Ama-78,38% eendlela zobuxoki asebenzise ubuwena bezi ziko ngaphandle kwemvumeEnyanisweni, umsebenzisi ofuna itshaneli yeTelegram "esemthethweni" unokufumana ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokufumana indawo yobuqhetseba kuneyokwenyani.
Olu phononongo lupapashwe kwijenali yezemfundo "IDB: Imibhalo yeYunivesithi kwiThala leeNcwadi kunye neSayensi yoLwazi"Kwincwadi yayo kaDisemba 2025, phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Abahleli bezenzululwazi abaphambili kwiitshaneli zeTelegram: indlela yokufumana iitshaneli zobuxoki ngeChatGPT kunye neDeepSeek." Ngaphaya kwamanani, uphando luchaza inkqubo yendalo egqwethekileyo kakhulu nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, kubafundi nakubafundi.
Uphononongo oluphambili olusebenzisa iChatGPT kunye neDeepSeek
Enye yezona zinto zintsha kulo msebenzi kukuba indlela esekwe kubukrelekrele bokwenziwaAbaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseGranada baye baqala ukusetyenziswa kwe Iimodeli zolwimi (LLM) ezifana neChatGPT kunye neDeepSeek ukunceda ekumiseleni ukuba imijelo ehlalutyiweyo yayisemthethweni okanye akunjalo, idibanisa izakhono zayo zokuhlalutya nophononongo lwabantu olulandelayo.
Uyilo lophando lwakhiwe njenge izifundo ezininziKwitshaneli nganye kwezingama-37 ezichongiweyo, isindululo esimiselweyo eyathunyelwa kwiChatGPT nakwiDeepSeek, ivuselela umsebenzi wokukhangela kwiwebhu kwezi modeli. Ingcinga yayikukuba i-AI inokujonga, ngexesha langempela, ubukho beekhonkco eziya kumaphepha eenkampani, iiakhawunti eziqinisekisiweyo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokunyaniseka.
Umsebenzi weemodeli yayikukuba vavanya amathuba okuba itshaneli nganye yayisemthethweni, ngokusekelwe kwizalathisi ezinje ngokuhambelana komxholo kunye nomgca wokuhlela wophawu, ubukho beekhonkco ezithembekileyo kwiwebhusayithi zeziko, ubukho beelogo namagama achanekileyo, okanye isalathiso kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlela eyaziwayo.
Nje ukuba kufunyenwe udidi lweChatGPT kunye neDeepSeek, iqela le-UGR lenze i-a ukuqinisekiswa okuzimeleyo ngesandlanto leyo eyayisebenza njengenyaniso esisiseko. Ngamanye amazwi, i-AI ayizange ibe nelizwi lokugqibela: abaphandi bathelekisa uphando lwabo kwaye bajonga neempendulo zeemodeli ukuze babone ukuba itshaneli nganye yayiyinyani okanye ayiyonyani.
Le ndlela yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukubonisa ukuba ii-LLM zinokuba izixhobo eziluncedo zokuhlola okokuqala ngobuninzi, njengoko kuboniswe ngu Ukuvalwa kwezitishi ngenxa yeetreyila ze-AI zobuxokiingakumbi kumaqonga anamawaka eetshaneli kunye nobuninzi bolwazi okunzima ukululawula ngesandla kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukwacacisile ukuba, ukusukela namhlanje, Azinakuyitshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela ezigweba ngayo iingcali xa kufikwa ekuqinisekiseni iingxelo eziyimfihlo ezifana nezo zabapapashi bezenzululwazi.
Indlela asebenza ngayo amajelo obuxoki kwiTelegram
Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweetshaneli ezingama-37 luvumele ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwepatheni efanayo Abo bazenza abapapashi besayensi basebenza njani kwiTelegram?Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kukusasazwa ngobuninzi kwe iincwadi, iincwadana kunye namanqaku kwifomathi yedijithali ngaphandle kwemvume, phantsi kwesithembiso sokufikelela simahla okanye ukukhuphela ngokuthe ngqo izihloko ezikhuselweyo yi-copyright.
Kunye nokusasazeka komxholo okungagunyaziswanga, uninzi lweendlela zobuqhetseba zibonelela iinkonzo zokuhlela ezingathembekanga kangakonjengokupapasha amaphepha kwiijenali ezinefuthe elikhulu ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu okanye ukuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa kwamanqaku ngaphandle kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuphononongwa ngoontanga. Olu hlobo lwebango luyingozi kakhulu kwi abaphandi abasaqalayo, abafundi bezobugqirha, kunye neengcali ezinamava amancinci kwisekethe yokupapasha yezemfundo.
Abaphandi bafumanise ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwe ulwimi olukhuthaza kakhuluLe miyalezo ifana kakhulu neephulo zokuthengisa ezinobundlongondlongo kunonxibelelwano olungenaxhala oluqhelekileyo lwabapapashi bezenzululwazi. Izithembiso zezaphulelo, "izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo," kunye neenzuzo ezingenakwenzeka zininzi, nto leyo eyoyikisayo xa ithelekiswa nendlela icandelo lezemfundo elihlala linxibelelana ngayo.
Kwezinye iimeko, iindlela zobuxoki ziyasetyenziswa iilogo zomshicileli, amagama eengqokelela, okanye amakhonkco amafutshane ezinika imbonakalo yokuba semthethweni. Ekuqaleni, kumsebenzisi ongaqhelananga nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwezi ziko, intetho ingabonakala iyeyiselayo, ingakumbi ukuba itshaneli iqokelela iindaba, izibhengezo, kunye namaxwebhu adibanisa izinto zokwenyani nomxholo ongathandabuzekiyo.
Lonke olu cwangciso luvelisa oko kuthethwa luphando njenge inkqubo ephosakeleyo ngaphakathi kweTelegramapho ubukho beendlela ezingezizo zomthetho budlula kakhulu obo beeakhawunti ezidityaniswe ngokwenene nabapapashi. Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba iingozi ezinkulu kwisidima semfundo kunye nepropathi yengqondoLe yingxaki eSpain naseYurophu yonke, njengoko yenza kube lula ukusasazwa kwemisebenzi ephangiweyo kunye nezibonelelo ezilahlekisayo ezichaphazela ababhali, amaziko kunye nabafundi.
Yintoni echanekileyo ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwaye iphosakele phi?
Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza kweemodeli, uphando lubonisa ukuba zombini I-ChatGPT kunye ne-DeepSeek zibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle ekufumaneni iziteshi ezingezizo ezokwenyani.Xa ukulingisa kubonakala ngokucacileyo—ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwamakhonkco asemthethweni, izithembiso ezingenakucingeleka, umxholo ophangiweyo ngokuphandle—zombini iinkqubo zidla ngokuvumelana ekuxilongeni kwazo kwaye zihlukanise iindlela njengezingekho mthethweni.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando lukwatyhila ukuba imida yesakhiwo sale modeli ekuqinisekiseni ubunyani beendlela zokwenyaniAmatyala abangele ubunzima obukhulu ngalawo apho itshaneli ibonakala ngathi inxulumene nomshicileli, kodwa yayingenazo imiqondiso yokuqinisekisa eqinileyo, njengophawu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwiTelegram okanye iikhonkco ezicacileyo eziya kumaphepha eenkampani anokuqinisekiswa lula.
Iimodeli azizange ziziphathe ngendlela efanayo. Ngokutsho kolu phando, I-DeepSeek yayisoloko ibeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi ekuhambelaneni komxholo ngokwemekoNgamanye amazwi, ingaba uhlobo lweempapasho, ithoni yemiyalezo, kunye nolwakhiwo lwejelo ziyahambelana noko bekuya kulindeleka kumshicileli wesayensi osele evunyiwe. Le ndlela igxile kwindlela ijelo elinxibelelana ngayo imihla ngemihla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-ChatGPT ibeke phambili ukuqinisekiswa ngokusesikweni kwemibutho yezikhungoEnyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukugxininisa ngakumbi kubukho besiteshi kwiwebhusayithi zeenkampani, ukubakho kweengxelo eziqinisekisiweyo, okanye unxibelelwano lwaso nezinye iiakhawunti ezaziwayo. Xa ezi zinto zingacacanga, imodeli yabonisa ukuqaphela okukhulu okanye ukuthandabuza malunga nokunyaniseka.
Olu phononongo lugqibe kwelokuba ezi ndlela zihambelanayo ziluncedo kakhulu yenza ukucoca kokuqala kwiindawo ezigcwele ulwazikodwa igxininisa ukuba Ukuthembeka kwe-AI njengesikhangeli esizimeleyo kubasebenzisi abangenalo uqeqesho oluthile kusalinganiselwe.Ababhali bacebisa ukusebenzisa ezi modeli njengenxalenye yeenkqubo ezixutyiweyo apho uhlalutyo oluzenzekelayo lubonelela ngenkxaso, kodwa uqinisekiso lokugqibela luxhomekeke kwiingcali ezinamava kumaxwebhu esayensi kunye nokuhlela.
Ucalucalulo kwimithombo kunye nolawulo lomxholo wesiNgesi
Ukongeza ekulinganiseni ubuqhetseba, uphando lugxile ekuhloleni Zeziphi imithombo eziboniswa yiChatGPT kunye neDeepSeek xa zixhasa iimpendulo zazo?Esinye sezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukufumana ubungqina obuphezulu Iingxelo zaseNtshona xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo zejografinokuba kwimeko yeDeepSeek, enokuthiwa ikufutshane nemithombo yaseAsia.
Oku kungalingani kubonisa ulawulo lomxholo wesiNgesi kwiwebhuingakumbi xa kufikwa kulwazi lwesayensi nolwezemfundo. Ngenxa yokuba baqeqeshwe kakhulu kwidatha ikakhulu ngolo lwimi, iimodeli zihlala ziphinda loo datha kuphando lwazo nakwiingxoxo zazo, nto leyo evelisa ucalucalulo lwesakhiwo xa kufuneka bavavanye imithombo evela kwezinye iimeko zolwimi.
Enyanisweni, olu khetho lunokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi uphononongo lweendlela ezidityaniswe nabashicileli abangengabo abeNtshonaiiwebhusayithi zazo, iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa, okanye iindlela zonxibelelwano ezisenokungahambelani kakuhle neendlela ezikhoyo kwihlabathi lama-Anglo-Saxon. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iindlela ezisemthethweni zisenokugutyungelwa kukungaqiniseki okanye ukurhanelwa ngaphezu kwezo zaseNtshona.
Ababhali beli phepha bathi le nkalo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa uyilo lwezixhobo zokubeka esweni zehlabathi ezisekelwe kwi-AIOku kuyinyani ngakumbi eYurophu, apho amaziko ezenzululwazi avela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ahlala khona. Ukuba olu calucalulo alulungiswa, kukho umngcipheko wokuqinisa ukungalingani ekubonakaleni nasekuqatshelweni phakathi kwabapapashi ngokusekelwe kwilizwe labo okanye ulwimi abasuka kulo.
Njengesikhokelo sexesha elizayo, olu phononongo lucebisa iimodeli zoololiwe ezineenkampani ezilungeleleneyo nezihlukeneyokunye nokulungisa iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo ukuze zibonise ngcono ukwahluka kwenkqubo yezemfundo yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphandle koko, ubuchwepheshe obuyilelwe ukulwa nolwazi olungeyonyani bungagqibela buvelisa iipatheni zokukhutshelwa ngaphandle ezingezizo ngabom.
Indawo enomngcipheko omkhulu wokuthembeka kwezemfundo
Ngazo zonke ezi zinto, abaphandi bachaza indalo yonke yeziteshi zeTelegram ezinxulumene nabapapashi besayensi njenge indawo enomngcipheko omkhulu wokuthembeka kwezemfundo kunye nepropathi yengqondoUninzi lweendlela zobuxoki, xa kuthelekiswa nenani elincinci leeakhawunti zokwenyani, kwenza kube nzima kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo ukwahlula ngokujonga nje ukuba zeziphi imithombo ethembekileyo.
Phakathi kweengozi ezichongiweyo, ezi zilandelayo zivelele: ukusasazwa okungalawulwayo kwezinto zesayensiOku akuphuli nje ilungelo lokushicilela kodwa kunokwenza kube lula ukusasazwa kweenguqulelo ezindala, ezingaphelelanga, okanye ezitshintshiweyo zamanqaku kunye neencwadi. Olu hlobo lokusasazwa okungalawulwayo lunokuchaphazela indlela abafundi, ootitshala kunye nabaphandi eYurophu abacebisana ngayo kwaye bacaphula ngayo uncwadi lwesayensi.
Enye ingozi efanelekileyo yile iinkonzo zokushicilela zobuqhetsebaEzi ndlela ziphelisa ukuthembana kwinkqubo yokupapasha yezemfundo. Abo bawela kwezi ndlela banokuhlawulela iinkqubo ezingekhoyo, babone umsebenzi wabo unxulunyaniswa nezenzo ezingamkelekanga, okanye babeke phantsi udumo lwabo lomsebenzi—into ebuthathaka kakhulu ekuqaleni komsebenzi wophando.
Olu phononongo luthetha nge- impikiswano yesikhungoNangona iTelegram imele isixhobo esinamandla amakhulu okusasaza isayensi ngokungqongqo, ukubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo okulinganiselweyo kwabapapashi abaninzi kwiqonga Oku kushiya umsantsa osetyenziswa ngabantu abazenza ngathi bangoowethu ngaphandle kokuxhathisa. Xa kungekho zijelo zisemthethweni ezicacileyo, abasebenzisi bagqibela besebenzisa ezinye iindlela, kwiimeko ezininzi, ezingezizo ezo babonakala benazo.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, apho kulwiwa khona ulwazi olungeyonyani kunye namaqhinga esayensi Nangona oku kuye kwaba yinto ephambili kwezopolitiko nakwezomthetho, imeko echazwe kwiTelegram inika umngeni owongezelelweyo. Ukulula kwendlela ezinokwenziwa ngayo iindlela kwaye ziphindaphindwe ngayo kuthetha ukuba ingxaki inokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enyanzelisa amaziko, amathala eencwadi, kunye namaqumrhu alawulayo ukuba aphuhlise amaqhinga amatsha okubeka esweni kunye nokuphendula.
Ukuya kwiinkqubo zokujonga ezihlanganisiweyo kunye neendlela ezintsha zophando
Ngenxa yesi simo, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseGranada bakhuthaza ukuphuhliswa iinkqubo zokufumanisa nokubeka esweni ezixutyiweyo ezidibanisa ubuchule bobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nophononongo lobuchwephesha lwabantu. Ingcinga kukusebenzisa isikali sohlalutyo lweemodeli zolwimi ukulandelela imijelo emininzi kunye nemiyalezo, kodwa beshiya isigqibo sokugqibela ezandleni zamaqela eengcali.
Kule nkqubo, i-AI iza kusebenza njenge isixhobo sokuqala sokumaphuOku kuquka ukuchonga iindlela ezintsha ezirhanelekayo, iindlela zobuqhetseba eziphindaphindayo, okanye iinethiwekhi zeeakhawunti ezisebenzisa kwakhona amagama kunye neelogo zabapapashi abaziwayo. Ukusuka apho, ababhali beedokhumenti, abagcini beencwadi, kunye nabasebenzi babapapashi banokuphonononga amatyala achongiweyo baze bathathe inyathelo, nokuba ngokuwaxela kwiqonga, belumkisa abasebenzisi, okanye beqinisa ubukho babo obusemthethweni.
Olu phononongo lukwabonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba yandisa le ndlela kwezinye iindawo zolwazi olungeyonyani Le micimbi ixhaphakile kwiTelegram, njengokusasazwa kweendaba zesayensi zobuxoki, iingcamango zobuqhetseba malunga nempilo, kunye nomxholo wezopolitiko ogudisiweyo. Le ndlela ihambelana nezinto eziza kuqala kumaziko amaninzi aseYurophu anomdla wokuba nezixhobo ezisebenzayo zokufumanisa nokuthintela iiphulo zolwazi olungeyonyani ngaphambi kokuba zisasazeke.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi yohlalutyo oluphambili lwesicatshulwa kunye nolweemeko kwiimodeli zolwimi kuvula ithuba lokuba iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezisebenzayo abakwaziyo ukukhupha izilumkiso kwangethuba malunga nokuvela kwenethiwekhi ezintsha zeendlela zobuxoki. Ezi zilumkiso zingaba luncedo kubapapashi, iiyunivesithi, kunye nemibutho yoluntu efuna ukukhusela unxibelelwano lwesayensi kunye nokugcina imigangatho yomgangatho kulwazi olufikelela kuluntu.
Kwangaxeshanye, ababhali bagxininisa imfuneko yokuba Abapapashi bezenzululwazi ngokwabo kufuneka baqinise ubukho babo obuqinisekisiweyo kwiTelegram nakwamanye amaqonga afanayo. Ukuba sele zichongiwe ngokucacileyo iindlela ezisemthethweni, imigaqo-nkqubo yonxibelelwano ecacileyo, kunye nemiyalezo ehambelanayo kuya kunceda abasebenzisi ukuba bakwazi ukwahlula imithombo esemthethweni ngokulula kwaye kunciphise amathuba abantu abazenza ngathi bangabantu abangengabo.
Umsebenzi owenziwe kwiYunivesithi yaseGranada ucacisa ukuba inyani yokuba Ngaphezulu kwe-78% yeendlela zokushicilela zesayensi kwiTelegram ziyinyani. Le ayingongxaki ingako, kodwa yinto eyenzeka ngendlela echaphazela indlela ulwazi lwezemfundo olusasazeka ngayo kwi-intanethi. Ukujongana nayo kufuna ukudibanisa itekhnoloji, ugwebo lwengcali, kunye nokubandakanyeka okukhulu kwezikhungo ukuze kubuyiselwe indawo kwijelo lonxibelelwano apho, okwangoku, abenzi bobuqhetseba basebenza ngokulula kakhulu.
